Saturday 19 October 2013

                           Guru Jambheshwar                          

Guru Jambeshwar
He launched revolution known as Bishnoism at Samrathal Dhora on eighth day of black fortnight of the month of Kartika (Indian Lunar Calendar) in 1485 A.D. Jambho ji, was born in Panwar Rajput family in a remote village Pipasar in 1451 A.D.[1] He was the only child of his parents i.e. Father,Lohat ji Panwar and Mother, Hansa Devi. For first 7 years, Jambho ji was a silent, introvert child. He also spent a lot of time (27 years) as a cowboy like Lord Krishna (Incidentally both had an identical Birth day i.e. Janmashtami!)
At an age of 34, Jambho ji founded Bishnoi sect. His teachings were in poetic form, known as Shabadwani.[2] Although, he preached for next 51 years, travelling across the country, only 120 Shabads i.e. verses of Shabadwani, are available at present. Even these 120 shabads are a source of great wisdom and are sufficient for an individual to understand and follow his path.
Bishnoism, as mention earlier revolves around 29 commandments. Out of these 29 commandments, 8 prescribe to preserve bio diversity and encourage good animal husbandry. 7 Commandments provide directions for healthy social behaviour. 10 commandments are directed towrds personal hygiene and maintaining basic good health. Rest 4 commandments provide guidelines for worshipping God daily.
Bishnoi community observes socio-religious gatherings known as Melas twice a year at Mukam where Guru ji’s mortal frame was consigned to earth in 1536 A.D.
In a nutshell, Jambho ji was a great visionary, who had foreseen the consequences of man’s actions destroying nature for economic development. He saw the need for environmental protection and weaved his principals into religious commandments so that people can internalise those principals easily.
The sect was founded by Guru Jambheshwar (b. 1451) after wars between Muslim invaders and local Hindus. He had laid down 29 principles to be followed by the sect. Bish means 20 and noi means 9. Thus, Bishnoi translates as Twenty-niners. Killing animals and felling trees were banned. Before his death, he has stated that the black buck was his manifestation after death and should be conserved. The Khejri tree (Prosopis cineraria), is also considered to be sacred by the Bishnois.
Life history
Guru Jambheswar Ji also known as Jambhoji was born to a Kshatriya(Royal) family in Pipasar village of Nagaur district of Rajasthan in year 1451vikrami samwat 1508, Krishna (black) 8th day of bhadarpad month(same day of Krishna’s birth ). His old father shri Lohat Ji Panwar (parmar) was very sad when commented by a farmer for not having children up to 50 years of age. Then he started tapsya and was blessed by a yogi for a son who will be different from others. Same time his wife Hansa Devi was also blessed by the same yogi for a son.
Considering the blessings of yogi, miracle powers of Jambo Ji, Guru Ji’s shabads, Jambheswar ji is popularly considered Vishnu sawrup (part or incarnation of Vishnu). The young Jambh Raj did not drink milk from his mother's breast and did not speak in early childhood. He told first shabad (Guru chinho guru chinh purohit…..) to a Brahmin called to cure his dumbness.
The young Jambh dev was simple but a genius, kind, liked loneliness and did many miracles. He did not marry and used to graze cows. At the age of 34 he left his home and belongings and started preaching at a sand dune called Samrathal Dhora. He was very keen in social welfare and helping others. In year 1485 there was a worst draught in western Rajasthan area and people started migrating to malwa (MP) with their animals. The kind hearted Jambha ji was sad to see people’s pain. He then offered his help to the draught affected people to hold them back. People agreed and Jambha Ji helped them with grain, food, fodder, seed, agriculture accessories etc. He also used his miracles powers to help people in need.
That period was a dark period of Hindu dharma. Hindus of that area were suffering from external invaders, religion conversions as well as internal bad practices. Hindus were became either irreligious or blind faith or worshiping many god, goddesses in frustration and victimised by hypocrite sadhus. People were involved in malpractices, immoral activities, selfishness, sins, stupidity etc.
To help suffering people of that time and save religion, Guru Jambheswar Ji founded Bishnoism in year 1485 (Vikram samwat 1542, Krishna 8th of Kartik month) on the sand dune (Samrathal Dhora)after performing havan.
Bishnoism was based on main 29 principles and best practices taken from hinduism. Followers had various professions & class accepted Bishnoism by taking pahal (sacred water) and became Bishnois. Guru Ji’s teachings were very simple, logical, practical and effective. He believed in one god and did not believe in statue worshiping or man worshiping or leaving social responsibilities to achieve god.
His way was, “JIYA NE JUKTI AUR MARIYA NE MUKTI” means a meaningful way of living and then moksha after death. He travelled a lot to help and teach people and done many welfare works. He was a true & visionary guru, social reformer, follower of non violence, great environmentalist and believed in love and harmony among not only human beings but also among nature.
His teachings are covered by 29 principles, 120 shabads and sandhya mantra. Many kings and reputed persons came in his contact and admired his teachings. He also helped many of them with his blessings.
Guru Jambheshwar Ji left this world at the age of 85 in year 1536 (vikrami samwat 1593, Krishna 9th of Margshirsh month) at Lalasar and his body was buried in village Talwa (now famous as Mukam) of Bikaner. Every year two melas are held here, one on Amawas (no moon night) of Falgun month and another on amawas of Ashvin month.
Teachings
His teachings were in poetic form known as Shabadwani. Although he preached for following 51 years, travelling across India, only 120 Shabads, or poetic verses, are available at present. It is claimed that these 120 shabads are a source of great wisdom and are sufficient for an individual to understand and follow his path
Bishnoi revolves around 29 commandments or Bisno, from "Bees" (Twenty) and "No" (Nine). Out of these 29 commandments, eight aim to preserve biodiversity and encourage good animal husbandry. Seven Commandments provide directions for healthy social behaviour. Ten commandments are directed towards personal hygiene and maintaining basic good health. The other four rules are guidelines for worshipping daily.
Jambhoji stipulated that no trees were to be felled, and hunting was forbidden. His followers, some of whom may 
 have thought of Jambhoji as an incarnation of Vishnu, were also enjoined to have compassion for all living 
beings, give up all intoxicants, swear by the tenets of ahimsa (non-violence) and satya (truth), and adhere to a 
vegetarian diet. Jambeswar.
HOLY PLACE








pipasar
India / Rajasthan / Nokha
Guru Jambheswar Ji also known as Jambhoji was born to a kshatriya (Royal) family in Pipasar village of Nagaur district of Rajasthan in year 1451vikrami samwat 1508, Krishna (black) 8th day of bhadarpad month(same day of Krishna’s birth ). His old father shri Lohat Ji Panwar (parmar) was very sad when commented by a farmer for not having children up to 50 years of age. Then he started tapsya and was blessed by a yogi for a son who will be different from others. Same time his wife Hansa Devi was also blessed by the same yogi for a son.
Nearby cities: Bikaner, Didwana, Sikar
Coordinates:   27°32'26"N   73°40'18"E
Shree Jambheshwar Dhora Jajiwal Jodhpur

Nearby cities: Banwarala Bishnoi Village, Sewalo Ki Dhani (Kashmir), Jiataran, जैतारण
Coordinates:   26°19'39"N   73°12'53"E
MUKTIDHAM MUKAM jambheshwar bhagwan samadhisthal (HIMATSAR)
India / Rajasthan / Nokha / HIMATSAR / muktisham mukam, mandir , samadhisthal
temple

MUKTIDHAM MUKAM jambheshwar bhagwan samadhisthal 
जाम्भोजी का जन्म सन् 1451 ई० में नागौर जिले के पीपासर नामक गाँव में हुआ था। ये जाति से पंवार राजपूत थे। इनके पिता का नाम लोहाट जी और माता का नाम हंसा देवी ( केशर ) था  ये अपने माता  पिता की इकलौती संतान थे। अत: माता  पिता उन्हें बहुत प्यार करते थे।जाम्भोजी बाल्यावस्था से मौन धारण किये हुए थे ।तत्पश्चात् उनका साक्षात्कार गुरु से हुआ। उन्होंने सात वर्ष की आयु से लेकर 27 वर्ष की आयु तक गाय चराने का काम किया। माता-पिता की स्वर्गवास के बाद जाम्भोजी ने अपना घर त्याग कर पवित्र समराथल धोरा (बीकानेर) आप पधारे थे / यहाँ आप ने 34 वर्ष की आयु में कार्तिक वादी आठामं (जन्मस्थ्मीं )सन् 1485 (वि सवंत १५४२) के दिन समराथल धोरे पर पवित्र पाहल बनाकर विश्नोई सम्प्रदाय की स्थापना की तथा 51 वर्ष तक वहीं पर सत्संग एवं विष्णु नाम में अपना समय गुजारते रहे।तथा देश विदेशों में धर्म का पर्चार किया. इसका परमान गुरुशब्द शं.29 में उल्लेख किया है


गुरु के शब्द असंख्य परबोधी ,खारसमंद परिलो,,खारसमंद परे प्रेरे चोखंड खारु,पहला अंत  पारुं,,अनंत करोड़ गुरु की दावन विलम्बी,करनी साच तिरोलो ,,//उन्होंने उस युग कीसाम्प्रदायिक संकीर्णता, कुप्रथाओं एवं अंधविश्वासों का विरोध करते हुए कहा था कि -
सुण रे काजी, सुण रे मुल्लां, सुण रे बकर कसाई।
किणरी थरणी छाली रोसी, किणरी गाडर गाई।।
धवणा धूजै पहाड़ पूजै, वे फरमान खुदाई।
गुरु चेले के पाए लागे, देखोलो अन्याई।।वे सामाजिक दशा को सुधारना चाहते थे, ताकि अन्धविश्वास एवं नैतिक पतन के वातावरण को रोका जा सके और आत्मबोध द्वारा कल्याण का मार्ग अपनाया जा सके। संसार के मि होने पर भी उन्होंने समन्वय की प्रवृत्ति पर बल दिया। दान की अपेक्षा उन्होंने  शील स्नान  को उत्तम बताया। उन्होंने पाखण्ड को अधर्म बताया  उन्होंने पवित्र जीवन व्यतीत करने पर बल दिया। ईश्वर के बारे में उन्होंने कहा-

तिल मां तेल पोह मां वास,पांच पंत मां लियो परकाश जाम्भोजी ने गुरु के बारे में कहा था -”पाहण प्रीती फिटा करि प्राणी, गुरु विणि मुकति  आई।भक्ति पर बल देते हुए कहा था -”भुला प्राणी विसन जपोरे,मरण विसारों केहूं।जाम्भोजी ने जाति भेद का विरोध करते हुए कहा था कि – “उत्तम कुल में जन्म लेने मात्र से व्यक्ति उत्तम नहीं बन सकता, इसके लिए तो उत्तम करनी होनी चाहिए।
उन्होंने कहा तांहके मूले छोति  होई।दिल-दिल आप खुदायबंद जागै,सब दिल जाग्यो लोई।तीर्थ यात्रा के बारे में विचार व्यक्त करते हुए उन्होंने कहा था :”अड़सठि तीरथ हिरदै भीतर, बाहरी लोकाचारु।मुसलमानों के बांग देने की परम्परा के बारे में उन्होंने कहा था -”दिल साबिति हज काबो नेड़ौ, क्या उलवंग पुकारो।जाम्भोजी १५२६ ई० में तालवा नामक ग्राम में परलोक सिधार गए। ओर उनको वहां समाधी दी गयी उस दिन से उस जगह का नाम मुक्तिधाम मुकाम पड़ गया . उनकी स्मृति में विश्नोई भक्त फान्गुन मास की त्रियोदशी को वहाँ उन्हें श्रद्धांजलि अर्पित करते हैं। ओर पर्ती वर्ष आसोज  फाल्गुन महीने की अमावस्या को मेला भरता है जहाँ देश के हर कोने से विश्नोई शर्धालू आते है .जाम्भोजी की शिक्षाएँ, सबदवाणी एवं उनका नैतिक जीवन मध्य युगीन धर्म सुधारक प्रवृत्ति के प्रमुख अंग हैं।
विश्नोई सम्प्रदाय.जाम्भोजी द्वारा प्रवर्तित इस सम्प्रदाय के अनुयायियों के लिए उनतीस नियमों का पालन करना आवश्यक है। इस सम्बन्ध में एक कहावत बहुत प्रसिद्ध है, जो इस प्रकार है


उणतीस धर्म की आंकड़ी, हृदय धरियो जोय। जाम्भोजी जी कृपा करी नाम विश्नोई होय जाम्भोजी ने उन्तिश नियम बताये जो निम्न पर्कार है
) प्रतिदिन प्रात:काल स्नान करना। ) ३० दिन जनन  सूतक मानना। )  दिन रजस्वता स्री को गृह कार्यों से मुक्त रखना। ) शील का पालन करना। ) संतोष का धारण करना। ) बाहरी एवं आन्तरिक शुद्धता एवं पवित्रता को बनाये रखना। ) तीन समय संध्या उपासना करना। ) संध्या के समय आरती करना एवं ईश्वर के गुणों के बारे में चिंतन करना। ) निष्ठा एवं प्रेमपूर्वक हवन करना। १०) पानी, ईंधन  दूध को छान-बीन कर प्रयोग में लेना। ११) वाणी का संयम करना। १२) दया एवं क्षमाको धारण करना। १३) चोरी, १४) निंदा, १५) झूठ तथा १६) वाद  विवाद का त्याग करना। १७) अमावश्या के दिनव्रत करना। १८) विष्णु का भजन करना। १९) जीवों के प्रति दया का भाव रखना। २०) हरा वृक्ष नहीं कटवाना। २१) काम, क्रोध, मोह एवं लोभ का नाश करना। २२) रसोई अपने हाध से बनाना। २३) परोपकारी पशुओं की रक्षा करना। २४) अमल, २५) तम्बाकू, २६) भांग २७) मद्य तथा २८) नील का त्याग करना। २९) बैल को बधिया नहीं करवाना।
जाम्भोजी की शिक्षाओं का आज के वैज्ञानिकों पर भी परभाव पड़ रहा है। उन्होंने अहिंसा एवं दया का सिद्धान्त तथा पर्यावरण के क्षेत्र में बहुत बड़ा योगदान दिया .विश्नोइयों ने ने मुर्दों को गाड़ना, विवाह के समय मुहूर्त नहीं निकालना आदि सिद्धान्त ग्रहण किये हैं। उनकी शिक्षाओं पर वैष्णव सम्प्रदाय , कबीर  नानकपंथ का भी बड़ा प्रभाव है।इस प्रकार जाम्भोजी ने वैष्णव, जैन, इस्लाम धर्म के सिद्धान्तों का समन्वय करके एक सार्वभौमिक पंथ विश्नोई को जन्म दिया।DIKSHA

विधि : जो व्यक्ति इस सम्प्रदाय के २९ नियमों का पालन करने के लिए तैयार होता था , इसे दीक्षा दी जाती थी। दीक्षा मंत्र तारक मंत्र या गुरु मंत्र कहलाता था, जो इस प्रकार था –”ओं शब्द गुरु सुरत चेला, पाँच तत्व में रहे अकेला।
सहजे जोगी सुन में वास, पाँच तत्व में लियो प्रकाश।।
ना मेरे भाई, ना मेरे बाप, अलग निरंजन आप ही आप।
गंगा जमुना बहे सरस्वती, कोई- कोई न्हावे विरला जती।।
तारक मंत्र पार गिराय, गुरु बताओ निश्चय नाम।
जो कोई सुमिरै, उतरे पार, बहुरि  आवे मैली धार।।
अमृत पाहल विश्नोई सम्प्रदाय में गुरु दीक्षा एवं होली पाहल आदि संस्कार साधुओं द्वारा सम्पादित करवाये जाते हैं, जिनमें कुछ महन्त भी भाग लेते हैं। वे महन्त, स्थानविशेष की गद्दी के अधिकारी होते हैं
थापन नामक वर्ग के लोग नामकरण, विवाह एवं अन्तयेष्टि आदि संस्कारों को सम्पादित करवाते हैं। चेतावनी लिखने एवं समारोहों के अवसरों पर गाने बजाने आदि कार्यों के लिए गायनआचार्य अलग होते हैं।
अभिवादन का तरीका :इस सम्प्रदाय में परस्पर मिलने पर अभिवादन के लिए नवम प्रणाम’, तथा प्रतिवचन में विष्णु नै जांभौजी नै कहा जाता है।  बडों का पैर छूकर आभिवादन किया जाता है .विशिष्ट वेशभूषा :रिपोर्ट मर्दुमशुमार राज. मारवाड़ से पता चलता है कि विश्नोई औरतें लाल और काली ऊन के कपड़े पहनती thi  विश्नोई लोग नीले रंगके कपड़े पहनना पसंद नहीं करते हैं। वे ऊनी वस्र पहनना अच्छा मानते हैं, क्योंकी उसे पवित्र मानते हैं। साधु कान तक आने वाली तीखी जांभोजी टोपी एवं चपटे मनकों की आबनूस की काली माला पहनते हैं। महन्त प्राय: धोती, कमीज और सिर पर भगवा साफा बाँधते हैं। लेकिन अब समय के साथ वेशभूषा में भी बदलाव आया है .संस्कार : विश्नोईयों में शव को गाड़ने की प्रथा प्रचलित है।विश्नोई सम्प्रदाय मूर्ति पूजा में विश्वास नहीं करता है। जाम्भोजी ने विश्नोई समाज को तीन संस्कार बताये थे /अत: जाम्भोजी के मंदिर और साथरियों में किसी प्रकार की मूर्ति नहीं होती है। कुछ स्थानों पर इस सम्प्रदाय के सदस्य जाम्भोजी की वस्तुओं की पूजा करते हैं। जैसे कि पीपसार में जाम्भोजी की खड़ाऊ जोड़ी, मुकाम में टोपी, पिछोवड़ों जांगलू में भिक्षा पात्र तथा चोला एवं लोहावट में पैर के निशानों की पूजा की जाती है। वहाँ प्रतिदिन हवन  भजन होता है और विष्णु स्तुति एवं उपासना, संध्यादि कर्म तथा जम्भा जागरण भी सम्पन्न होता है।
विश्नोई समाज का प्रभाव : विश्नोई लोग जात  पात में विश्वास नहीं रखते। अत: हिन्दू -मुसलमान दोनों ही जाति के लोग इनको स्वीकार किया हैं। श्री जंभ सार लक्ष्य से इस बात की पुष्टि होती है कि सभी जातियों के लोग इस सम्प्रदाय में दीक्षीत हुए। उदाहरणस्वरुप, ब्राह्मण, क्षत्रिय, वैश्य, शूद्र, तेली, धोबी, खाती, नाई, डमरु, भाट, छीपा, मुसलमान, जाट, एवं साईं आदि जाति के लोगों ने मंत्रित जल (पाहल) लेकर इस सम्प्रदाय में दीक्षा ग्रहण की।
तीर्थ स्थल ; राजस्थान में जोधपुर,जालोर,बाड़मेर ,जैसलमेर ,नागौर ,गंगानगर,भीलवाडा,उदयपुर तथा बीकानेर राज्य में बड़ी संख्या में इस सम्प्रदाय के मंदिर और साथरियां बनी हुई हैं।मुक्तिधाम मुकाम (तालवा) बीकानेर नामक स्थान पर इस सम्प्रदाय का विशाल मंदिर बना हुआ है। यहाँ प्रतिवर्ष फाल्गुन की अमावश्या को एक बहुत बड़ा मेला लगता है जिसमें हजारों लोग भाग लेते हैं। इस सम्प्रदाय के अन्य तीर्थस्थानों में जांभोलाव, पीपासार, संभराथल, जांगलू,लोहावर, लालासार आदि तीर्थ विशेष रुप से उल्लेखनीय हैं। इनमें जांभोलाव विश्नोईयों का तीर्थराज तथा संभराथल मथुरा और द्वारिका के सदृश माने जाते हैं। इसके अतिरिक्त रायसिंह नगर, पदमपुर, चक, पीलीबंगा, संगरिया, तन्दूरवाली, श्रीगंगानगर, रिडमलसर, लखासर, कोलायत (बीकानेर), लाम्बा, तिलवासणी, अलाय (नागौर)एवं पुष्कर आदि स्थानों पर भी इस सम्प्रदाय के छोटे -छोटे मंदिर बने हुए हैं। इस सम्प्रदाय का राजस्थान से बाहर भी प्रचार हुआ। पंजाब, हरियाणा, मध्य प्रदेश एवं उत्तर प्रदेश,महारास्त्र ,कर्नाटका ,देल्ही आदि राज्यों में बने हुए मंदिर इस बात की पुष्टि करते हैं।
जाम्भोजी की शिक्षाओं का विश्नोईयों पर बहुत अधिक प्रभाव पड़ा। इसीलिए इस सम्प्रदाय के लोग  तो मांस खाते हैं और  ही शराब पीते हैं। इसके अतिरिक्त वे अपनी ग्राम की सीमा में हिरण या अन्य किसी पशु का शिकार भी नहीं करने देते हैं।इस सम्प्रदाय के सदस्य पशु हत्या किसी भी कीमत पर नहीं होने देते हैं। बीकानेर राज्य के एक परवाने से पता चलता है कि तालवा के महंत ने दीने नामक व्यक्ति से पशु हत्या की आशंका के कारण उसका मेढ़ा छीन लिया था।व्यक्ति को नियम विरुद्ध कार्य करने से रोकने के लिए प्रत्येक विश्नोई गाँव में एक पंचायत होती थी। नियम विरुद्ध कार्य करने वाले व्यक्ति को यह पंचायत धर्म या जाति से पदच्युत करने की घोषणा कर देती थी। उदाहरणस्वरुप संवत् २००१ में बाबू नामक व्यक्ति ने रुडकली गाँव में मुर्गे को मार दिया था, इस पर वहाँ पंचायत ने उसे जाति से बाहर कर दिया था। इस सम्प्रदाय के जिन स्री  पुरुषों ने खेजड़े और हरे वृक्षों को काटा था, उन्होंने स्वेच्छा से आत्मोत्सर्ग किया है। इस बात की पुष्टि जाम्भोजी सम्बन्धी साहित्य से होती है। इस सम्प्रदाय के जिन स्री  पुरुषों ने खेजड़े और हरे वृक्षों को काटा था, उन्होंने स्वेच्छा से आत्मोत्सर्ग किया है। इस बात की पुष्टि जाम्भोजी सम्बन्धी साहित्य से होती है।


महाधिवेशन  ग्रामीण पंचायतों के अलावा बड़े पैमाने पर भी विश्नोईयों का एक महाधिवेशन होता है, जो जांभोलाव एवं मुकाम पर आयोजित होने वाले सबसे बड़े मेले के अवसर पर बैठती थी। इसमें इस सम्प्रदाय के बने हुए नियमों के पालन करने पर जोर दिया जाता है। विभिन्न मेलों के अवसर पर लिये गये निर्णयों से पता चलता है कि इस पंचायत की निर्णित बातें और व्यवस्था का पालन करना सभी के लिए अनिवार्य है और जो व्यक्ति इसका उल्लंघन करता है , उसे विश्नोई समाज से बहिष्कृत कर दिया जाता है। विश्नोई गाँव में कोई भी व्यक्ति खेजड़े या शमी वृक्ष की हरी डाली नहीं काट सकता ।राजस्थान के शासकों ने भी इस सम्प्रदाय को मान्यता देते हुए हमेशा उसके धार्मिक विश्वासों का ध्यान रखा है। यही कारण है कि जोधपुर  बिकानेर राज्य की ओर से समय  समय पर अनेक आदेश गाँव के पंचायतों को दिए गए हैं, जिनमें उन्हें विश्नोई गाँवों में खेजड़े  काटने और शिकार  करने का निर्देश दिया गया है। बीकानेर ने संवत् १९०७ में कसाइयों को बकरे लेकर किसी भी विश्नोई गाँव में से होकर  गुजरने का आदेश दिया। बीकानेर राज्य के शासकों ने समय  समय पर विश्नोई मंदिरों को भूमिदान दिए गए हैं। ऐसे प्रमाण प्राप्त हुए हैं कि सुजानसिंह ने मुकाम मंदिर को ३००० बीघा एवं जांगलू मंदिर को १००० बीघा जमीन दी थी। बीकानेर ने संवत् १८७७  १८८७ में एक आदेश जारी किया था, जिसके अनुसार थापनों से बिना गुनाह के कुछ भी  लेने का निर्देश दिया था। इस प्रकार जोधपुर राज्य के शासक ने भी विश्नोईयों को जमीन एवं लगान के सम्बन्ध में अनेक रियायतें प्रदान की थीं। उदयपुर के महाराणा भीमसिंह जी और जवानसिंह जी ने भी जोधपुर के विश्नोईयों की पूर्व परम्परा अनुसार ही मान  मर्यादा रखने और कर  लगाने के परवाने दिये थे।
सन 1536 मिगसर वदी आठम को श्री देव लालासर में निर्वाण को प्राप्त हुए /


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